Rene Descartes And John Locke - 997 Words

Rene Descartes and John Locke each produced pieces of philosophical responses to the questions posed in epistemology which resulted with very different answers. Descartes relied on God and the mind as the only reliable and trustworthy sources to prove the existence of things other than ourselves. Locke, in contrast, made arguments for the existence of things in the external world via our innate ability to recognize and process sensations that are derived from subjects that exist in the material world. Locke overcomes Descartes’ hyperbolic skepticism by giving evidence of the validity of the senses through unique perception and countering the dream argument with a more practical approach to the knowledge of our existence. John Locke, in An Essay Concerning Understanding, establishes the theory of â€Å"tabula rasa† (blank slate) as a picture for the mind. According to this theory, the mind can be supposed as â€Å"white paper, void of all characters† and ready to be filled with ideas that are realized through experience. Locke argues that humans are born with inherent senses, but not inherent knowledge For innate knowledge to exist, Locke contends that such knowledge would have to be universally agreed upon. However, even ideas have the greatest general support for being innate, such as â€Å"Whatsoever is, is† and â€Å"It is impossible for the same thing to be and not to be†, go without apprehension by children and the mentally disabled. Second, and quite similarly, people of differentShow MoreRelatedJohn Locke And Rene Descartes1442 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophers are individuals who address critical analysis of fundamental assumptions or beliefs with underlying theories of their own. John Locke and Rene Descartes were both classified as modern philosophers in the seventeenth century who sums up the subject about personal identity and its determents in reference to our own existence, such as who are we? The personal ident ity theory states that the philosophical confrontation with the ultimate questions of our own existence, such as who are weRead MoreRene Descartes and John Locke698 Words   |  3 PagesRene Descartes was a highly influential French philosopher, mathematician, scientist and writer. Many elements of his philosophy have precedent in late Aristolelianism and earlier philosophers like St. Augustine. Descartes was a major figure in 17th century continental rationalism, later advocated by Baruch Spinoza and opposed by the empiricist school of thought consisting of Locke, Berkeley, and Hume. His most famous statement is: Cogito ergo sum, translation in English I think therefore I am.Read MoreJohn Locke And Rene Descartes Essay1444 Words   |  6 Pagesthe field of philosophy, many philosophers have had theories on personal identity and a person’s â€Å"self.† These people have gone down in history books for their theories on a person’s identity: John Locke and Reneà ¢â‚¬â„¢ Descartes. These are two of the most famous philosophers of their time and all time. â€Å"John Locke was one of the philosophers who were against the Cartesian theory that soul accounts for personal identity (Nimbalkar, 2011).† His theory was that your â€Å"self† was your consciousness. He believedRead MorePropelling Rational Thought Over Compelling Empiricism1459 Words   |  6 Pages In this paper I intend to examine the rationalist philosophy of Rene Descartes and fundamental empiricism of John Locke’s philosophical arguments, in particular their ideas relating to the science of man, his identity and attempt to explain distinctions between the two. As I lay the framework of my argument it is important to understand the precepts that serve as the underpinning for the views considered by Descartes and Locke respectively. Rationalism and empiricism are two modes of thoughtRead MoreDescartes And John Locke s Views On Consciousness, Self, And Personal Identity1475 Words   |  6 PagesSeventeenth century philosophers Renà © Descartes and John Locke endeavored to question the views on consciousness, self, and personal identity. They examined belief in God, the certainty of knowledge, and the role of mind and body. The goal of this paper is to deliberate John Locke’s and Renà © Descartes views on â€Å"self† and personal identity and how each c ome to examine how knowledge is captured. Renà © Descartes and John Locke both present arguments that are rational in the discussion of consciousnessRead MoreEssay on Descartes vs Locke1257 Words   |  6 Pageslargely by experience, observation, and sensory perception. Renà © Descartes and John Locke, both seventeenth century philosophers, are often seen as two of the first early modern philosophers. Both Descartes and Locke attempt to find answers to the same questions in metaphysics and epistemology; among these: What is knowledge? Is there certainty in knowledge? What roles do the mind and body play in the acquisition of knowledge? Descartes and Locke do not provide the same answers to these questions. InRead MoreInnate Ideas Essay653 Words   |  3 Pagesof ideas. Rene Descartes and John Locke were these two philosophers with the opposing argument on innate ideas. The place where Descartes discusses his views were in the Meditations on First Philosophy and Lockes argument is located in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. By using these sources I will be able to describe the difference between these two arguments on innate ideas. Rene Descartes was a mathematician and an extremely brilliant man. In mediation three, Descartes is tryingRead MoreSimilarities And Weaknesses Of Descartes And Locke On The Topic Of The Origin Of Ideas1237 Words   |  5 Pageswe have? Renà © Descartes and John Locke, both seventeenth-century philosophers, are often seen as two of the first early modern philosophers. One question that the both of them try to tackle is the origin of ideas. Descartes and Locke do not provide the same answers to this question. This paper will discuss some of the strengths and weaknesses of both augments of Descartes and Locke on the topic of the origin of ideas. It will also discuss who had the stronger argument overall. Descartes believesRead MoreDescartes vs Locke Essay1191 Words   |  5 PagesEssay (Descartes vs. Locke) Socrates once said, â€Å"As for me, all I know is that I know nothing.† Several philosophers contradicted Socrates’ outlook and believed that true knowledge was in fact attainable. This epistemological view however had several stances to it, as philosophers held different beliefs in regards to the derivation of true knowledge. Rationalists believed that the mind was the source of true knowledge, while in Empiricism, true knowledge derived from the senses. Rene DescartesRead MoreDescartes vs. Locke1175 Words   |  5 PagesEssay (Descartes vs. Locke) Socrates once said, â€Å"As for me, all I know is that I know nothing.† Several philosophers contradicted Socrates’ outlook and believed that true knowledge was in fact attainable. This epistemological view however had several stances to it, as philosophers held different beliefs in regards to the derivation of true knowledge. Rationalists believed that the mind was the source of true knowledge, while in Empiricism, true knowledge derived from the senses. Rene Descartes

The Financial Crisis Of 2007-08 - 1150 Words

During the lead up to the financial crisis of 2007-08, a term was coined to describe what was happening in the financial markets. The term was: Shadow Banking System. The creation of the term was attributed to economist and money manager, Paul McCulley, who described it as a large segment of financial intermediation that is routed outside the balance sheets of regulated commercial banks and other depository institutions (St. Louis Fed). In simpler terms, institutions that are in the shadow banking system are not regulated like commercial banks, and carry more risk due to their investments. Examples of shadow banking institutions are money market funds, mutual funds, hedge funds, etc. During the early 1990s, most American citizens didn’t know or never heard of money market funds or mutual funds; typically, the only people who knew of the â€Å"shadow banking system† were most likely senior officers at the big banks or individuals who were experts in the financial markets . However, that all changed. At the turn of the century, the shadow banking system started to gain steam and was growing at a faster rate than traditional banks. At the peak of its growth, right before the financial crisis, the shadow banking system, in terms of liabilities, was about 1.5-2 times larger than traditional banks (St. Louis Fed). Before the Financial Crisis, many Americans were investing their money in money market funds or mutual funds, and if you had a substantial amount of money laying around, youShow MoreRelatedThe Financial Crisis Of 2007-081439 Words   |  6 PagesSeveral factors lead to the 2008 financial crisis. The 1999 repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act effectively removed the separation between investment banks and depository banks in the United States. Credit rating agencies failed to price the risk involved with mortgage-related financial products accurately. The Government, concerned with not performing economically as well as the Clinton administration b elieved increasing home ownership was the answer and reduced obstacles (like loan income/debt documentation)Read MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2007-081894 Words   |  8 PagesThe definitive event of the early twenty-first century was The Financial Crisis of 2007-08. Since that event, scholars have tried to identify what the causes and the effects of the crisis. The causes and effects of the collapse are varied and many scholars show a consensus about what these causes and effects are. Scholars who researched The Financial Crisis of 2007-08 agree that bank deregulation starting in the early 1970’s a major contributor. The deregulation allowed for banks to increase inRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2007-081389 Words   |  6 PagesThe financial crisis of 2007–08, also known as the Global Financial Crisis, is considered by many economists to have been the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. Mr. Ben Bernanke, Chairman of the Federal Reserve at the time, believed it was equally problematic in many ways; although unemployment only reached half the level due to the Fed’s actions combined with a $700B stimulus. It collapsed large financial institutions, and stock markets dropped to half their pre-crisisRead MoreThe Global Financial Crisis Of 2007 / 081194 Words   |  5 Pagesdollars. The Australian government has to deal with multiple issues in the macroeconomic world to achieve three goals. The factors affecting thes e goals have to be identified and either harnessed or blocked by the government. The Global Financial Crisis of 2007/08 also caused the Australian government to deal with its failure to reach its macroeconomic goals. The three domestic objectives of government Australia’s three macroeconomic goals are equally important in keeping stability in the economyRead MoreGlobal Financial Crisis Of 2007-082494 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction The global financial crisis of 2008-09 that spread contagiously across the globe has particularly hit the European economies hard, accentuating turmoil in the world financial markets and precipitating the European sovereign debt crisis almost instantaneously. This has consequently wiped away all of the EU’s accomplishments in economic growth and job creation (European Commission, 2010a:3). Statistics published subsequently exposed the magnitude of the crisis: real GDP contracted by 4%Read MoreDeregulation Is The Underlying Cause Of The 2007 / 08 Financial Crisis1382 Words   |  6 Pagesderivatives. The Financial crisis in 2007-2008 brought the massive hurt to everyone in the world. The worldwide financial problem affected thirty million people loosing their jobs and cause many countries getting close to go bankrupt (Peah, 2014). This is the global issue that everyone should be consider of. The purpose of this essay is to determine if the deregulation was the underlying cause of the 2007/08 financial crisis. The essay argues the deregulation was the underlying cause of the 2007/08 financialRead MoreThe Global Financial Crisis Of The Usa1383 Words   |  6 PagesThe recent global financial turmoil started on July 2007 ,mainly in the USA and spread among developed nations in the later part of 2008 and subsequently shifted to the developing nations .this crisis consisted of some prime drawbacks not only for the developed countries but also for developing countries .the most talked about issue in the recent financial arena in the global financial crisis ,which started to show its effect in the middle of the year 2007.the turmoil ,however ,was rooted in theRead MoreEssay On Regulating American Banks1033 Words   |  5 Pagesrestructure the elephantine law which had recast financial regulation following the 2007-08 crisis. Thus, he asked Steven Mnuchin, the Treasury secretary to measure all the rules of America against 7 broad principles, bail-outs prevent ion by taxpayers as well as instituting more efficient regulations inclusive. Mnuchin provided a report on banks where he proposed installments to cover capital markets, asset, and insurance management together with financial technology and nonbank institutions. Also, allRead MoreFinancial Crisis : The Fiscal Crisis1355 Words   |  6 Pagesgeneral, a financial crisis is not an accident; it may take several years and has complex and interlaced causes (Claessens and Kodres, 2014). The 2007-08 global financial crisis is a typical case due to long-term non-intervention policy and loose regulation for financial market from government. Moreover, it involved the complex relationship between government and financial institutions. In order to look at this issue in particular, this essay first goes though the timeline of the 2007-08 financial crisisRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of The Housing Bubble1482 Words   |  6 PagesThe Financial Crisis that started in 2007 The 2007-08 financial crisis that started in the US is often dubbed as the housing bubble. Although, the burst of the housing bubble is the tipping point of the crisis, the true causes have building up slowly and steadily for almost over a decade. The burst of the housing bubble was merely a reflection of the built up baggage. This crisis is a classic example of how dangerous derivatives can turn out to be if not properly managed. Causes of the crisis and

Romeo and juliet Essay Example For Students

Romeo and juliet Essay SHAKESPEARE’S relationship to the Lord Chamberlain’s Men seems to have involved the production of a couple of new plays every year. Broadly speaking, he provided them with a comedy and a tragedy (or historical play) for every season. The companion pieces to the two lyrical comedies are two no less lyrical tragedies, Romeo and Juliet and Richard II. While the detailed chronology of the four pieces is still unclear, it is generally agreed that they form a distinct group in Shakespeare’s canon. The title page of the first quarto edition of Romeo and Juliet (1597) describes the play as ‘An excellent conceited tragedy’. Two years later, the Lord Chamberlain’s Men released their ‘newly corrected, augmented, and amended’ text, calling it a ‘most excellent and lamentable tragedy’. These qualifying terms prepare us for much in the play. ‘Lamentable’ had been the label fixed to Titus Andronicus, while ‘conceited’ (i.e. ‘witty’) connects the piece with Love’s Labour’s Lost a play that also appeared in an ‘official’ edition in 1599. It is sadly ironic that Romeo himself does his best to prevent a tragedy though it is the misguided sense of honour of his friend, Mercutio, which brings it about. We see how Mercutio is conveyed in a fighting mood at this point in the play. His petulant manner is misguided as it leads to tragedy. In the older version of the film we observe Mercutio with his sword in an over-excited conduct. In this version we dont recognise the seriousness of the situation until Tybalt arrives and the argument is steamed by Mercutios wit and his ability to mock Tybalt. In the modern version of the film the more serious mood of Mercutio is perceived and we feel the anticipation in the air. We feel expectant of something tragic to occur. Mercutio acts with a more indignant tone and fights back Benvolios suggestion of abandoning their stroll with more aggression. Also, the use of guns in the modern version brings about a more solemn atmosphere that a character could be shot dead within a pull of a trigger. The beginning of this scene in the older version, therefore, brings a bigger shock to the tragedy that is to occur as the tone is more placid and moderate. Also in the newer version the use of the more modern music dramatises the scene further. We regard the entrance of Tybalt as the start of the argument. Tybalt, who is furious with Romeo, seeks to find him and in contrast with the older version, the modern version conveys Tybalt as more quarrelsome. He takes Romeos appearance at the party as a personal insult and determines to avenge it. The use of characters has been well chosen and it is at this point where we can really see the contrast of the characters. Benvolio and Tybalt, the peacemaker and the quarreller, are obvious contrasts. Tybalt is always angry; he seems to think it is up to him to keep the feud alive. In my view this anger is conveyed much more immensely in the modern version and I also believe you can spot the differences of the characters more easily than the older version, as they exaggerate the essential features that make that character to stress the contrasts as Shakespeare tried to achieve. Tybalt looks for Romeo and in meeting Mercutio; Romeos friend abuses Tybalt and mocks him further. His words are significant as they infuriate Tybalts anger even more, which makes the tragedy ever more likely. We see how Mercutio is presented in both films and there are quite some differences. Gay, lively, always talking, jesting even in death, he is a clear contrast to Romeo, and though always witty, he has deep feelings which this scene observes. In the up to date version, again, they stress his features much more, making him more gay and lively, for example. We see in the previous act (act2 scene6), how the play ends so quietly with the marriage of Romeo and Juliet, and furthermore Shakespeare achieves an obvious contrast that follows in the next scene: the idyllic, quiet, secret world of love is shattered by Tybalt. The friars opening words in the previous act are cruelly ironic in view of what does happen later: Fate in Romeo and Juliet EssayThe language of Shakespeare in Romeo and Juliet is also very important. Most of the play is written in prose, which is used for normal speech and exchanges. Rhyming couplets were used to either signal the end of a scene or the departure of a character which is shown by Benvolio at the end of Act three scene one, and as he fell , did Romeo turn and fly. This is the truth or let Benvolio die. When Benvolio speaks it is all in rhythmic verse. His speech is used to bring stability and peace to the overheated emotions-and to change the atmosphere for the audience. The end of the speech signals Benvolios departure because rhyming couplets are used and he has served his purpose in the play. The audience would have witnessed many emotions throughout this scene such as- humour, violence, love and death. The peak of emotions would have been at Mercutios death, Tybalts death and Romeos banishment. Mercutios death would have been an effective way to change the mood as only moments earlier, he is joking around, and the next he is a dying man. Tybalts death would have come as a shock , as the audience would not expect Romeo to be capable of such a thing. When Lady Capulet enters the scene, tension would have grown more as she would be known as an uncaring, unsympathetic and hard vengeful woman. After Lady Capulets outburst, Benvolio and the Prince try to calm the situation, making the audience feel another wide range of emotions and moods. The Prince responds to the situation by being just to both the Capulet and Montagues. The scene ends on a very solemn note, so Shakespeare makes sure to use his techniques to open the scene on a lighter happier note. Act three scene one is an important and effective turning point of the play Romeo and Juliet. This is due to the tragic events that take place. In this scene, events happen that change the storyline; these are: Mercutios death, Tybalts death and Romeos banishment. To create drama and tension for this scene, it is very obvious to me that Shakespeare was a brilliant play write. Nowadays, play writes and directors use high technology to create all their effects. This proves to me even more how talented Shakespeare was to create such amazing entertainment for the Elizabethan audience through his choice of words.

The Castle By Franz Kafka Essay Example For Students

The Castle By Franz Kafka Essay To live is not just to exist. For one to exist one must live, explore, and learn about lifes ways. For some existence may be a hard thing to achieve in life. The Castle, by Franz Kafka depicts the meaning of life and existence, showing that human nature can make ones life a difficult journey. In the novel, Kafka shows that life is never the way it seems and will always have loose ends. Such a journey life is, especially for K. wondering around looking for a place to which he belonged, somewhere to call home. Coming upon a small village, an unwanted land surveyor attempts to make something of him self. The village has been expecting him for some time, but yet they never expected him to actually arrive in their small self efficient village. It appears like there is a need for the land surveyor, K., but then again there is actually no need for him at all. We will write a custom essay on The Castle By Franz Kafka specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Imposing on an already divided, critical town, K. has made a few acquaintances. First, with two sisters named Olga and Amelia, and their brother Barnabus whom is K.s messenger and only means of communicating with the superiors in the Castle. On a trip to the Counts Arms for an evening drink after receiving a letter of employment from Klamm, it isnt quite clear if it confirms or denies the possibility of future employment, K and Olga run into the barmaid Freida whom K. slyly starts talking to in order to find out more about this mystery man named Klamm, whom is said to stay at the Counts Arms very regularly. Disappointed, K. learns that Klamm is an unreachable man. Most of Ks time is spent trying to find and talk to him. But this will never be achieved. It appears that the only thing K. achieved to get from Klamm was Freida, his mistress. Still not being satisfied by that, K. continues his long journey of finding Klamm and the reason why an unwanted land surveyor is in such a village. A lot of the novel made no sense, it is very drawn out and not direct. K. is an unwanted stranger to the villagers. The book shows that no matter how hard one may try, others have a hard time accepting someone they dont know. There seems to be cliques in the village much like there is today in the America society. K. is seen as a rebel that didnt set in the ways of the village. K.was always being pushed away along with the problems that needed to be resolved. No one seemed to care or help K. in anyway. The only person that accepted K. for who he was is Freida, but yet Frieda in the end left K. for someone else. Their relationship was based off of lust, which ended in an unexpected way. One can see that a relations ship that has lustful tendencies will not work out. Though this book was hard to fallow one was still able understand what is happening to K. When trying to understand the novel one has a hard time figuring out the true meaning behind all of the confusion of the book. Eve n K. has a hard time figuring out why no one will accept the fact a land surveyor was summoned. All the experiences and hardships helped make K. understand more about the world and the way things work. Realizing that in order to live and achieve goals there are many things one must understand, go through and accept. Acceptance is something everyone needs to learn. This book shows that by not accepting each other one can not achieve what is needed to be done. By accepting change things can get better or sometimes worse as in this case with K.